BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS - 3. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE + LATIHAN SOAL

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THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (Subject + has/have + verb participle/verb-3) adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan :

1. SUATU AKTIVITAS YANG TELAH SELESAI DILAKSANAKAN SEBELUM SEKARANG, MISALNYA :

I have visited London twice (Saya telah mengunjungi London dua kali).
Mr.President has just returned from China (Presiden baru saja telah kembali dari Cina).
Samuel has played tennis (Samuel telah bermain tennis).

2. SUATU AKTIVITAS YANG TELAH SELESAI DIKERJAKAN DAN HASIL ATAU AKIBATNYA BISA DIRASAKAN SAAT INI, MISALNYA :

He has eaten up all apples (Dia telah memakan semua apel itu. Artinya dia kenyang).
He has shut down the laptop (Dia telah mematikan laptop. Artinya laptop sudah tidak digunakan).
Rose has read the novel (Rose telah membaca novel. Ini berarti dia telah tahu isi novel itu).
Lewis has completed that project (Lewis telah menyelesaikan proyek itu. Artinya dia sudah berhak untuk mendapatkan pembayaran kontrak proyeknya).
The workers have painted the house (Para pekerja telah mengecat rumah. Artinya dindingnya sudah bersih dan rapi).

3. SUATU AKTIVITAS YANG BERLANGSUNG SELAMA KURUN WAKTU TERTENTU SAMPAI SAAT INI BELUM SELESAI DAN MASIH BERLANGSUNG HINGGA SAAT INI. AKTIVITAS INI BELUM SELESAI; INI MASIH BERLANGSUNG SAMPAI SAAT INI, MISALNYA :

He has worked for PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur for ten years (Dia telah bekerja pada PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur selama 10 tahun).
Hellena has got married to Mike since 1990 (Hellena telah menikah dengan Mike sejak tahun 1990).
I have lived in Jakarta for twenty years (Saya telah tinggal di Jakarta selama 20 tahun).

TANDA WAKTU (TIME MARKERS) YANG BIASANYA DIGUNAKAN :

already (sudah)
for (selama) for example : for three hours, for five years, for the last two years, etc.
just (baru saja)
not yet (belum)
since (sejak), for example: since 2000, since I was a child,

NOTE :

Kita menggunakan The Present Perfect Tense ketika kita tertarik pada aktivitas yang telah selesai. Kita tertarik hasil aktivitas itu, BUKAN aktivitasnya sendiri.
Kita menggunakan The Present Perfect Tense ketika ingin mengatakan seberapa banyak kita telah lakukan, atau berapa kali kita telah melakukan sesuatu.

Inilah bentuk daripada the Present Perfect Tense of "Read, Returned, Lived, Written", dll :

Subject + have/has + Verb Past Participle or Verb3 + ……………………………….

I have read / have returned / have lived / have written
We/You/ They have read / have returned / have lived / have written
He/She/It has read / has returned / has lived / has written

Kita menggunakan have read, have returned, have lived, have written dengan I, we, you, they, dengan semua subyek jamak.
Kita menggunakan has read, has returned, has lived, has written dengan he, she, it, dan semua subyek tunggal orang ketiga.

Contoh :

Mellisa has read the letter (Mellisa telah membaca surat).
I have switched on the computer (Aku telah menyalakan komputer).
Michael has just returned from his office (Michael baru saja telah kembali dari kantornya).
Those people have lived in Java for 25 years (Orang-orang ini telah tinggal di Jawa selama 25 tahun).
Erwin has worked for PT. Astra International in Jakarta (Erwin telah bekerja pada PT. Astra International, Jakarta)
Mr. Simon has written three books this month (Pak Simon telah menulis tiga buku bulan ini).
That old man has smoked ten cigarettes today (Orang tua itu telah merokok 10 rokok hari ini).
The worker has opened the little box (Pekerjaitu telah membuka kotak kecil itu).
We have eaten up all oranges (Kami telah memakan semua jeruk).
Tiger Woods has played Golf twice a week (Tiger Woods telah bermain golf dua kali seminggu).
I have read five books this week (Saya telah membaca lima buku minggu ini).

LATIHAN SOAL THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1. CHANGE THE VERBS IN THE BRACKETS INTO THE CORRECT FORM IN THE IN THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WHEN NECESSARY (UBAHLAH KATA KERJA DI DALAM KURUNG KE DALAM BENTUK PRESENT PERFECT TENSE YANG BENAR BILAMANA PERLU)

Alex……………………. (clean) his room.
Budiman ……………….(live) in Miami since he was in High school.
Cindy…………………..(graduate) from her university since 2004.
He…………….... (post) the letter this morning.
How long……………….(you, be ) in this village?
I …………………….(be) to America.
I……………….... (post) the letter.
I…………………..(be) here for three hours.
I…………………….(know) her for ten years.
I…………………….(know) her for ten years.
Indonesia ……………..………..(be) independent since 1945.
Jackson………………………..(be) in North Sumatra for ten years.
Jim…………………. (go) to Indonesia.
Mr. Alexander……………………(work) in this company for a long time.
Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert………………..(stay) in a hotel for three nights.
Mr. Simon…………………..(make) a good friend for years.
Mr. Wilson…………………..(get) a new promotion as deputy prime minister since he graduated from university.
Mrs. Pauline …………………….(teach) Physics for a long time.
My mother………………………(buy) a lot of things in the market.
Our teacher…………………….(teach) English since 1995.
She …………………(be) in this city since last year.
She………………never (live) in London.
Siti Farida ………………….(be) a teacher since 1988.
Susan………………..(stay) in a hotel for three nights.
They…………………….(visit) Lake Toba since May.
They……………………never (live) in this town since the earthquake last year.
Those tourists…………………….(visit) Bali for a week.
Tom and Hellen …………………….(be) to America.
Tom and Jerry ……………..(be) very lucky.
We……………………….(own) our home since 2002.

2. UNDERLINE THE VERBS IN THE TEXTS BELOW THAT SHOW TIME IN THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (GARIS BAWAHI KATA KERJA YANG MENUNJUKKAN WAKTU PRESENT PERFECT TENSE).

TEXT-1

Mrs. Clark and her daughter Sarah have been out shopping, and they’ve just returned home. They bought Sarah a new sweater, and she is already put in on. It’s so new that they haven’t even removed the tag yet

Mrs. Clark has just opened a letter, and she’s received bad news. She’s lost her job!. For the past year she’s worked as a private secretary for a rich musician. Now the musician has decided to stop working, and he’s asked Mrs. Clark to find another job. Mrs. Clark is the only money earner in the family, since her husband is no longer living.

The letter has upset Mrs. Clark very much. She’s crying. She’s recently bought a new house, a new car, and many new clothes for her job. She has not paid for them yet. Now she may not be able to pay for them, because she hasn’t saved much money.

Sarah has heard the bad new, but she really doesn’t understand much about money. She’s more worried about her mother. Mrs. Clark has never cried in front of her daughter before.

TEXT-2

Dear Joyce,

I have been going out with Tom for two years now, and we are planning to get married. We share a lot of interests, and have enormous fun together. I know that we would have a good and stable marriage.

Last autumn, however, we had a few problems. I was working abroad for a month, and shortly after I left Tom wrote to me saying that he had been out with his ex-girlfriend a few times. He said they were just friends, but I was quite upset. About this time I met Alan, who was working on the same project as me. I was very,very attracted to him, and we began going out together. He is obviously very much in love with me, and I am in love with him too, in a way. I have never been so physically attracted to a man as I am to him- the memory of certain moments with him still makes me go weak with pleasure. But it is not only physical: we have all sorts of things in common. He wants me to marry him. We have continued to write, and have seen each other once since then, when he came to England. If I did marry him, I would have to give up my job and go abroad, which bothers me- my career is important to me. And I am worried that our relationship might not last.

Tom knows that I went out with Alan, but he does not know how powerfully I am attracted to him. Tom and I have talked over the problem of his ex-girlfriend, and I was very impressed with the way that we were able to discuss things. I am still very, very fond of Tom, and I am sure that we would have a good life together. In every way but one, we are probably much better suited to one another than Alan and I are.

What should I do? I feel so mixed up. Should I marry Alan and give up my job? Should I stay with Tom? If I do, I couldn’t tell him the whole truth about Alan; but I hate the idea of keeping a secret from my husband.

Please help me,

Linda